The Power of Tornadoes: Exploring Supercells, Tornado Formation, and Climate Change

Tornadoes emerge from the tumultuous core of thunderstorms, leaving destruction in their wake. Understanding tornadoes necessitates diving into the complexities of supercells, where these vortexes are born. We will delve into the science behind tornado formation while also considering the influence of climate change on these extreme weather events.

Gallery of Tornadoes and Supercells

Supercell Anatomy

Supercell thunderstorm, Kansas. © Caryn Hill Photography / Science Source

Supercells stand out from thunderstorms for their rotating updrafts or mesocyclones. These colossal atmospheric systems, which span vast distances and persist for hours, are the primary incubators for tornadoes. A supercell starts with the clash of warm, moisture-laden air rising from the Earth's surface with cooler, drier air aloft. This stark thermal and moisture gradient creates an unstable atmosphere conducive to thunderstorm development.

As the warm, moist air ascends, it undergoes rapid condensation, releasing latent heat and fueling the updraft's ascent. Concurrently, horizontal wind shear—variations in wind speed and direction with altitude—lays the groundwork for rotational motion within the storm. The interaction between the updraft and wind shear initiates the formation of the mesocyclone, a rotating column of air several miles in diameter.

A Tornado Begins to Form

While supercells possess the necessary ingredients for tornado formation, not all lead to the creation of tornadoes. The transition from a rotating mesocyclone to a tornado involves the interplay between the storm's internal dynamics and external environmental factors. One pivotal mechanism driving tornado genesis is the stretching of horizontal vorticity—a spinning motion of air—into a vertical orientation.

This vertical stretching occurs through various processes, including the tilting of horizontally rotating air by the updraft and the convergence of horizontal wind vorticity near the Earth's surface. As the mesocyclone intensifies, a wall cloud—a region of enhanced low-level rotation—may form beneath the storm. A funnel cloud may descend from this wall cloud, marking the incipient stage of a tornado. The funnel cloud extends downward from the parent cloud base but does not yet contact the ground.

Tornado Formation

Tornado in four steps. © Monica Schroeder / Science Source

A critical process known as vortex stretching must ensue for a funnel cloud to evolve into a tornado. Vortex stretching amplifies the rotation within the funnel cloud, intensifying its circulation and drawing air inward at an accelerating rate. As the rotating column of air descends toward the Earth's surface, it may become visible as a tornado. Upon contact with the ground, the tornado establishes itself, unleashing its destructive potential.

Waterspouts

Historical Drawing of a Waterspout. © Mary Evans / Science Source

Waterspouts are the aquatic counterparts of tornadoes. They form over bodies of water, ranging from oceans and lakes to rivers and even smaller ponds. While waterspouts share similarities with tornadoes, their formation mechanisms differ slightly. Waterspouts typically develop under high humidity and atmospheric instability conditions, often associated with convective showers or thunderstorms passing over warm water. Like their terrestrial counterparts, waterspouts exhibit a characteristic funnel shape, extending downward from the cloud base toward the water's surface. While most waterspouts remain relatively weak and short-lived, some can intensify, posing risks to maritime activities and coastal communities. 

The Fujita Tornado Scale

With winds of between 250 and 330 km/h, is an F3 tornado © QA International / Science Source

The Fujita Tornado Scale, developed by renowned meteorologist Dr. Tetsuya Theodore Fujita in 1971, is a vital tool for categorizing tornadoes based on their intensity and damage. Originally known as the Fujita-Pearson Scale, it underwent revisions over the years, with the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale being the most recent iteration adopted in 2007. Based on estimated wind speeds and associated damage patterns, this scale classifies tornadoes into six categories, ranging from EF0 (weak) to EF5 (violent). Each category provides insights into the destructive potential of a tornado, helping meteorologists and emergency management officials assess the severity of a tornado event and allocate resources accordingly. The EF Scale facilitates standardized reporting and analysis of tornado events and enhances public awareness and preparedness, empowering communities to respond effectively to the ever-present threat of tornadoes.

Effects of Climate Change

 In recent years, mounting evidence shows climate change influences the frequency, intensity, and distribution of tornadoes. Increasing atmospheric moisture and changes to circulation patterns due to climate change shape tornado occurrence.

Gallery of Weather and Meteorology Images

Our Future in the Face of Tornadoes

Computer forecasting extreme weather. © Andrew Baker / Science Source

Tornadoes are formidable manifestations of atmospheric dynamics, embodying nature's raw power and complexity. While scientists continue to advance our understanding of tornado formation, the potential influence of climate change underscores the urgency of addressing environmental challenges. By combining scientific inquiry with proactive mitigation and adaptation strategies, we can strive to mitigate the impacts of tornadoes and build resilient communities in the face of evolving climatic conditions. As we marvel at the spectacle of these swirling vortexes, let us also heed the call for collective action to safeguard lives and livelihoods from the ever-changing forces of nature.

Industrial Revolution: The Road to Modernity

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a time of rapid technological development and social and political change.  Starting in 1740 and ending in 1840, the Industrial Revolution saw to the development of mass industry and in many ways, the beginning of the modern era.

The Locomotive

The locomotive, perhaps the most iconic symbol of the revolution, was built in the United Kingdom in 1804 by Richard Trevithick. Revolutionizing transportation, it allowed factories to quickly access and transfer resources. It also made long distance travel possible for everyday people, allowing some to see their countries for the first time. This helped start the Environmental movement and the Romantic movement.

The Telegraph

A massive leap in communication came with the telegraph machine, which made it possible for people to transmit messages over large distances using electricity. For the system to work, two machines were set up at different locations, called telegraph offices and would transmit messages across electrical wires. When the message was received, the machine would deliver it electromagnetically using a needle pointer. The Cooke and Wheatstone Telegraph, the first widely used model was invented in 1837.

The Spinning Jenny

The spinning jenny was a multi-spindle spinning frame and one of the key developments in the industrialization of textile manufacturing. Invented between 1764 and1765 by James Hargreaves in England, the device increased the production of cloth by allowing workers to utilize eight or more spools at a time. This grew to 120 as technology advanced, helping to start cotton factories and the advent of manufacturing.

The Sewing Machine

After the spinning Jenny the sewing machine, invented in 1790 by Thomas Saint further advanced the textile industry. The machine used a stitching awl to pierce through a material, carry a thread through a hole and move it to a new stitching location, before repeating the cycle. It was used primarily on leather and canvas, reducing the the need for hand-stitching. Later models would use a wider array of materials, making sewing a reliable and efficient process in industry.

The Cotton Gin

While the primary effect of the Industrial Revolution was economic, there were cultural and political changes as well. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin provided the first alternative to manual slave labor in the deep American South, paving the way for the Civil War and emancipation. Textile factories with the newly invented power loom changed the lives of women, who traditionally worked in sewing and could now get factory jobs. 

Stock Image Gallery of the Industrial Revolution

Humanitarian and Environmental Impact

The industrial revolution also had negative impacts. As industry increased, many factory owners abused vulnerable work forces, including children. In England and Scotland in 1788, two-thirds of the workers in water-powered cotton were minors. Human inventions began to have a much greater toll on the environment as well. For the first time, the London sky turned consistently black with a mixture of fog and smoke called smog.

The Microscopic Metropolis Inhabiting Your Skin: Mites, Lice, Fleas, Bacteria and Fungus

As we gaze into the mirror, we often overlook the bustling metropolis that thrives beneath the surface – our skin. Beyond its protective and aesthetic functions lies an ecosystem teeming with microscopic inhabitants. Join me on an expedition into this unseen realm as we unravel the mysteries of the creatures that call our skin home.

Follicle mite protruding from a hair follicle. © Andrew Syred / Science Source

Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis: Eyelash Mites

Meet the microscopic mites that have taken up residence within the confines of our hair follicles – Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis. These microscopic arachnids, measuring a mere fraction of a millimeter, spend their entire lives deep within our skin's sebaceous glands and hair follicles. While Demodex folliculorum primarily inhabits the hair follicles, Demodex brevis prefers the sebaceous glands. Despite their benign presence for most individuals, these mites have been implicated in certain skin conditions when their populations increase unchecked, leading to symptoms such as rosacea and blepharitis.

Human Lice: Head Lice, Body Lice & Public Lice

The mention of lice conjures images of scalp discomfort, but these parasites can also be found in other areas. Three distinct species of lice – head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis), body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis), and pubic lice (Pthirus pubis) – have adapted to specific niches on the human body. Head lice primarily inhabit the scalp and hair. Body lice prefer clothing and bedding, venturing onto the skin only to feed. Pubic lice prefer coarse body hair, particularly in the pubic region. These parasites evoke both discomfort and social stigma.

Human flea (pulex irritans). © Eye of Science / Science Source

Human Fleas

Fleas, notorious for tormenting household pets, are not averse to seeking refuge in human hosts. Human fleas (Pulex irritans) can infest areas lacking hygiene, increasing in densely populated and unsanitary environments. While they primarily feed on the blood of mammals, including humans, their presence can provoke allergic reactions and transmit diseases such as murine typhus and tapeworm infections. Vigilance in maintaining cleanliness and addressing infestations promptly is essential for mitigating the risks associated with these persistent pests.

Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria, the cause fo a staph infection. © Steve Gschmeissner / Science Source

Skin Bacteria

Our skin is a veritable battleground for microbial communities, with bacteria comprising many of its inhabitants. While many bacterial species contribute to maintaining skin health and immune function, certain strains can instigate infections and dermatological disorders. From the ubiquitous Staphylococcus aureus to the opportunistic Propionibacterium acnes, the intricate interplay between bacterial populations shapes the resilience and susceptibility of our skin to disease.

Gallery of Acne Medical Photographs and Medical Illustrations

Skin Fungus: Ringworm, Athlete's Foot

Illustration of fungus Trichophyton rubrum and athlete’s foot. © Kateryna Kon / Science Source

Fungal infections are another common affliction of the skin. Common ones are ringworm and athlete's foot. Dermatophytes, the fungi responsible for these conditions, thrive in warm, moist environments, making areas such as the feet, groin, and scalp prime targets. Despite their colloquial names, neither ringworm nor athlete's foot is caused by worms; instead, they are fungal.

Our skin is a dynamic ecosystem inhabited by microscopic organisms, each playing a distinct role in its equilibrium. From the elusive Demodex mites to the persistent parasites and opportunistic pathogens, understanding the complexities of our skin's inhabitants enhances our appreciation for its resilience and vulnerability. Fostering a harmonious relationship becomes essential in preserving the health and integrity of our largest organ.

A Confluence of Science and Art: The 3D Illustrations of Kateryna Kon

In the world of creativity, there exist individuals who seamlessly blend their passion for art with their deep understanding of science. Kateryna Kon is one such 3D artist whose work transcends crafting photorealistic illustrations that are as captivating as they are informative.

Kateryna Kon’s Portfolio

Her portfolio encompasses a wide array of topics, ranging from the intricacies of whooping cough bacteria and leukemia blood cells to the significance of substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, she explores subjects such as the bird flu virus, mitochondrion function, stomach ulcers, anthrax, fungi, microtubules, Golgi apparatus, intracellular transport, and countless others.

Gallery of Kateryna Kon’s 3D Medical Illustrations

Kateryna's journey began at Kharkiv National Medical University in Ukraine, where she pursued a Ph.D. in Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology. While her academic pursuits primarily revolved around the intricacies of microorganisms and infectious diseases, she was inspired by the world of microbiology.

Her time spent peering through the lens of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) formed her vision for her art.

Career in Academia

Kateryna's academic career led her to publish books, articles, and papers, sharing her discoveries and insights with the world. The necessity for illustrations in her published works prompted Kateryna to venture into 3D illustration.

From Academic to 3D Artist

Following her daughter's arrival, Kateryna decided to dedicate herself entirely to her art. This choice allowed her the flexibility to work from home.

She invites us to explore the beauty of microbiology and infectious diseases through her photorealistic illustrations.

In her work, we find inspiration and a profound appreciation for the wonders of the microscopic world, rendered visible through the lens of creativity.

Exploring Microscopy: Ultimate List of Microscope Types With Image Examples

A glance at any scientific or medical article reveals how far microscopy has evolved from the basic microscope of high school biology classes. Today, it's not just about magnification but also about capturing sharp details, enhancing depth of field, observing internal structures, and experiencing vivid 3D-like visuals that captivate our imagination. Over time, there have been numerous advancements in light microscopy, introducing many new types that unveil a previously unimaginable level of detail.

Stock Image Gallery of Medical Micrographs

The conventional microscope, which is familiar from childhood and known as the "light microscope," functions by utilizing light and a series of lenses. By incorporating filters, specialized mirrors, lasers, specific light spectrums, and other enhancements, we can extract significantly more detailed information.

First, let's cover a few basics:

What is Microscopy

Electron micrograph of red blood cells and fibrin. © Scoatt Camazine / Science Source

Microscopy could be defined as the scientific technique used to observe objects that are too small to be seen with the naked eye, typically using microscopes. It allows researchers to examine the structure and properties of materials and biological specimens at a microscopic level.

Magnification and Resolving Power

Magnification refers to the degree to which an object is enlarged when viewed through a microscope. It is usually expressed as a ratio (e.g., 100x), indicating how many times larger the object appears compared to its actual size.

Resolving power (or resolution) refers to the microscope's ability to distinguish between two closely spaced objects as separate entities. It determines how clearly individual details can be seen.

A Gallery of Royalty-free Micrographs

Let's start with Light Microscopes:

Four types of Light micrographs: Bright Field, Dark Field, Polarized, Phase Contrast. © Marek Mis/Science Source

Various illumination techniques are employed when examining slides under a light microscope, including Bright Field, Dark Field, Fluorescence, Differential Interference Contrast (DIC), Phase Contrast, and Confocal microscopy.

Photos of the microscopes can be found below.

Light Microscope Using Bright Field

Bright Field Microscopy: The light source is directed beneath the specimen, resulting in a brightly lit area surrounding it.

Light Microscope Using Dark Field

Dark Field Microscopy: Here, the light source is obscured, casting light onto the specimen from various angles, providing slightly different details compared to direct illumination.

Fluorescence Microscope

Fluorescence Microscopy: This technique utilizes light filters and specific wavelengths to induce fluorescence in the specimen, producing vibrant images.

Purkinje neurons of the cerebellar cortex stained with four staining methods: hematoxylin eosin (top left), cresyl violet (top right), Cajal's silver nitrate (bottom left) and silver method for Golgi apparatus (bottom right). © Jose Luis Calvo/Science Source

Phase Contrast Microscope

Phase Contrast Microscopy: By employing specialized lenses and filters, this method allows the visualization of transparent and colorless specimens with minimal shadowing.

Differential Interference Contrast Microscope

Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC): Through the use of polarizers, beam splitters, condensers, and filters, transparent specimens can be observed with a distinctly three-dimensional appearance.

Different illumination techniques of a light microscope: dark field, fluorescence, bright field, phase contrast, DIC (differential interference contrast). Child's hair strand © Ted Kinsman/Science Source

Caenorhabditis elegans (roundworm) embryo transform into a Dauer state when stressed during larval development (for instance, due to lack of food, hot environment, or crowding). Somatic cells are colored red, and yellow dots show gut granules used for fat storage. Image compiled from scans of different layers of the embryo. © Kul Bhatia / Ming Kin Wong / Science Source

Confocal Microscope

Confocal Microscopy: Utilizing Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), a laser and spatial pinhole combine to produce high-resolution images with enhanced clarity.

Gallery of Botany Micrographs

Advanced types of microscopes:

Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Escherichia coli (E. coli), a type of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that normally lives in the intestines of people and animals. Magnification is 17,500x at 15cm image size. ©Nano Creative / Science Source

Scanning Electron Microscope

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): This microscope utilizes a beam of electrons to generate sharply detailed images by detecting reflected electrons off the specimen's surface within a vacuum environment, offering magnifications ranging from 20x to 30,000x with a spatial resolution of 50 - 100nm.

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Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of bacteriophage. © Biophoto Associates / Science Source

Transmission Electron Microscope

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): By passing a beam of electrons through a thinly sliced specimen, TEM reveals intricate internal structures with magnifications of up to 2,000,000x.

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Plasma membrane proteins. Colored atomic force micrograph (AFM) showing the surface of a plasma membrane. The membrane consists of a lipid bilayer with many proteins (peaks) attached to it. © PROF. DR. H.OBERLEITHNER, UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF MUENSTER / Science Source

Atomic Force Microscope

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM operates by bouncing a laser off a stylus attached to a cantilever lever, which then traces the specimen's surface. Any deviations trigger sensors, generating a raster image that includes the Z-Plane. Unlike electron microscopy, AFM doesn't require a vacuum, offering versatility in various environments.

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False-color scanning tunneling micrograph (STM) of a DNA double-helix; approximately three turns of the helix are displayed in this image. © Driscoll, Youngquist, & Baldeschwieler / Caltech / Science Source

Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): STM employs electrons based on quantum tunneling, allowing for atomic-level surface imaging in vacuum, air, water, or ambient gas environments.

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What can we look at with all of these microscopes?

Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) of unidentified freshwater bacteria collected from pond water. © Ted Kinsman / Science Source

Scoop up pond water or ocean water to be astonished by the plethora of living zooplankton and phytoplankton visible within a single drop using a simple light microscope.

Gallery of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton

It opens you to the wonder of cyanobacteria, blue-green algae, and ciliates like paramecium, daphnia, amoebas, and euglena. If you were lucky, you might have witnessed them conjugate and divide!

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Diatom (Stephanopyxis sp.) from a South Atlantic Ocean deep sea probe. Scanning electron microscope. © Eye of Science / Science Source

Additionally, ocean water drops allow a peek at copepods, immature mollusks, krill, algae, crustaceans, and fish in their zooplankton stage. You may also behold the breathtaking beauty of diatoms, the most common type of phytoplankton in our oceans.

Switch to a higher powered Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to view Water Bears, pollen, blood cells, and insects. An SEM uses a particle beam of electrons to photograph the surface of a vacuum-sealed specimen.

Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) allow us to see cross-sections of specimens, such as the beautiful interior of the human body, marine life, and animal and plant cells. The TEM's particle beam passes through its vacuum-sealed specimen.

Photos of Types of Microscopes More Photos of Microscopes

Light Microscope

Scanning Electron Microscope

Atomic Force Microscope

Scanning Tunneling Microscope STM

Florescence Microscope

Phase Contrast Microscope

Confocal Scanning Microscope

Transmission Electron Microscope

Gallery of Microscope Types

Applications of medical microscopy

Bone marrow cell. This micrograph shows this cell with light (inset) and electron microscope. © Jose Luis Calvo/Science Source

We can view the cells of the human body with many different microscopes. The light mic, SEM, and TEM show scientists and medical researchers different angles and aspects of the cell and its fine structures and organelles.

Microscopes help scientists study cancer - breast, ovarian, prostate, liver, and skin cancer. We can better understand skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. They assist in the fight against nervous, respiratory, and circulatory system diseases. And a cure for muscular conditions such as fibromyalgia and multiple sclerosis (MS), and autoimmune conditions.

The Future of Microscopy:

Microscopy methods continue to evolve, with innovations like Acoustic Microscopy, which utilizes sound waves akin to SONAR, promising exciting prospects for the future of scientific exploration.

Animal Mimicry and Camouflage in Nature

Is it a twig or an insect? A harmless moth or a scary owl? Animals have amazing tricks up their sleeves to protect themselves, take advantage of looking like another creature, or look like their environment.

Mimicry and Camouflage: Two Separate Survival Tactics

An example of mimicry is an animal appearing to be a different animal, usually a larger and stronger one, to scare off predators. The pattern on the wings of an Owl Moth (photo above) resembles the eyes and face of an owl.

Stock Images of Mimicry in Nature

A nonpoisonous Scarlet King Snake on the right, a poisonous Eastern Coral Snake on the left.

The King Snake, which is non-poisonous, has a scale pattern like that of the Coral Snake, a type of venomous snake. It tricks predators into thinking they have encountered its very dangerous relative.

Batesian Mimicry and Müllerian Mimicry

Batesian mimicry occurs when a harmless species evolves to imitate the appearance of a harmful or toxic species, gaining protection from predators. A classic example is the viceroy butterfly, which resembles the toxic monarch butterfly, thus deterring potential predators.

Müllerian mimicry involves two or more harmful or unpalatable species evolving to resemble each other. This shared appearance reinforces learned avoidance by predators, increasing the overall effectiveness of the warning signals. For instance, several species of stinging bees and wasps share similar coloration patterns, serving as a collective deterrent to predators.

Animal Camouflage or Cryptic Camouflage

Dead leaf katydid, Typophyllum sp., juvenile hidden on dead leaf, amazon.

Camouflage is the art of blending into the environment to avoid detection by predators or prey. Typical examples are moths, such as the peppered moth, which looks like tree bark, or walking stick insects that resemble twigs.

Cryptic camouflage is when animals mimic specific elements of their environment, such as texture, color, or pattern. This can be seen in species like the leaf-tailed gecko, which boasts skin textures resembling tree bark, allowing them to blend into their arboreal habitats seamlessly.

The Dead Leaf Katydid is a beautiful example of camouflage. It looks just like the dead leaves it lives on. They range in appearance from a fresh green life to a rotten, decayed leaf.

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Color Changing Skills

One of the most amazing examples is the octopus, which can change its color and skin texture to hide in various underwater environments within seconds.

Beneath their skin, octopi have cells called chromatophores. Each is a sac filled with either red, orange, brown, yellow, or black pigment. These can be inflated or deflated as needed.

Video of an Octopus Changing Color

Leaf Chameleon, Brookesia thieli, Madagascar showing color change camouflage to match the branch it is clinging to. © Francesco Tomasinelli / Science Source

Chameleons are well known for their ability to change their colors to match their environment.

Green or Carolina Anole, Anolis carolinensis, changing colors. © ER Degginger / Science Source

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Concealing Coloration

Arctic fox in the winter snow, Norway. An example of concealing coloration. © Dr P. Marazzi / Science Source

When an animal’s color matches its surroundings, it is concealing coloration. Examples of this include the polar bear, arctic fox, and a snowshoe hare.

Animals can look like rocks, thorns, twigs, flowers, and bird droppings.

Animal mimicry is found throughout the animal and even plant worlds.

Studying mimicry and camouflage provides valuable insights into evolutionary biology, predator-prey dynamics, and ecosystem interactions. The world of animal mimicry and camouflage is a testament to the ingenuity of evolution.

Spencer Sutton Illustrations: From Prehistoric Times to Outer Space

GALLERY OF SPENCER SUTTON ILLUSTRATIONS

Spencer Sutton has been a scientific illustrator for over a decade and has published works with groups including National Geographic, McGraw Hill, Pearson Education and Webmd. His work has been featured on the BBC and even the game show Jeopardy!

Topics range from pre-historic creatures to planets of the solar system, depicted in both 2d and 3d imagery. In his anatomical works, he has covered the human body from muscle groups to skeletal structures to fetal development and the effects of diseases and cures.

Science stock image gallery

Sutton has covered our solar systems, stars, asterouds, planets, extreme weather, prehistoric creatures and dinosaurs, and the geological periods of the earth.

Using eye catching contrast and a classical style, he creates life-like renderings that are striking and dynamic. Click the link below to explore more of Spencer Sutton’s work.

Scientific Illustrator, Monica Schroeder

Beginnings in New York City

Growing up in Manhattan, Monica Schroeder found inspiration in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney and the exhibits of the American Museum of Natural History. These childhood haunts would shape her future as a scientific illustrator and environmental advocate.

Illustration Career

After studying Fine Art Drawing at Hunter College and taking additional courses at Pratt University, the School for Visual Arts, the Art Student's League, and the Society of Illustrators, Monica was fortunate enough to merge her love for art with her fascination for science. Her illustrations combine detail, vibrant colors, and scientific accuracy. They have graced the pages of textbooks, digital media, and educational manuals. You can find them in textbooks by publishers such as Wiley, Pearson, Elsevier, Scholastic, Cengage Learning, McGraw Hill, and many others.

Giving Back to the Community

She is committed to environmental conservation and has used her artistry and scientific expertise to educate and inspire others. Through her environment-themed art classes hosted by the Parks Department, Queens Public Library, and local environmental education nonprofits, Monica empowers students to explore the natural world through the lens of creativity.

These classes cover techniques such as watercolor, collage, bookmaking, and drawing while imparting knowledge about their local waterways, wildlife, climate change, nature fauna, and the impact of the city's infrastructure and government policies on the natural world.

Beyond mastering new artistic skills, Monica hopes people emerge as stewards of the environment with a deeper understanding and appreciation for the world around them.

As a certified kayak guide with the North Brooklyn Community Boathouse, she takes the public on the water to experience dolphins, herons, cormorants, jellyfish, and other wildlife firsthand. People can also capture zooplankton to examine under a microscope and learn about the effects of climate change on the food chain.

Inspiring Stewards of Urban Nature

Monica Schroeder combines art, science, and education to support the environment. Through her presentations, she aims to cultivate eco-conscious individuals and inspire positive change and stewardship of urban nature.

The Fifth Solvay Conference: an Exclusive hand-colored Stock Photograph

 A Glimpse into Intellectual Renaissance

In the annals of scientific history, specific gatherings stand with intellectual brilliance, where luminaries of their fields converge to discuss, debate, and redefine human knowledge. The Fifth Solvay Conference, held in 1927, epitomizes such a momentous occasion. Organized by the International Solvay Institutes for Physics and Chemistry, this conference brought together titans like Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Marie Curie, and others to grapple with the mysteries of physics and chemistry. Science Source offers an exclusive hand-colorized stock image you can license. It is also available as a framed print or poster.

View the Full High Resolution Image of the Fifth Solvay Conference

The Solvay Legacy: A Confluence of Minds

Founded by the visionary Belgian industrialist Ernest Solvay in 1912 and 1913, the Solvay Conferences were conceived as platforms for interdisciplinary exchange and collaboration. These gatherings became synonymous with groundbreaking discoveries and paradigm shifts in scientific thought. The Fifth Solvay Conference stood out when quantum mechanics and the nascent field of modern physics took center stage.

Faces of Genius: The Storied Attendees

Buy a Framed Print or Poster of the Solvay Conference

The hand-colorized photograph brings to life the essence of intellectual prowess and innovation embodied by the luminaries present at the Fifth Solvay Conference. 

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein, renowned for his theory of relativity and the equation E=mc2E=mc2, revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and energy.

Erwin Schrödinger

Erwin Schrödinger, known for his groundbreaking work in quantum mechanics, particularly the Schrödinger equation, describes how a physical system's quantum state changes over time.

Werner Heisenberg

Werner Heisenberg is celebrated for his uncertainty principle, which fundamentally altered our understanding of the behavior of subatomic particles and laid the groundwork for quantum mechanics.

Niels Bohr

Niels Bohr is famous for his contributions to atomic theory, including the Bohr model of the atom, which introduced the idea of quantized energy levels.

Max Planck

Max Planck was recognized as the founder of quantum theory for his discovery of energy quanta, which led to the development of modern quantum mechanics.

Marie Curie

Marie Curie is celebrated for her pioneering research on radioactivity, including the discovery of the elements polonium and radium, and her groundbreaking work on the applications of radiation in medicine.

Discussions and Debates

Behind the smiles and dignified poses lies a dynamic exchange of ideas that would shape the course of scientific inquiry for decades to come. Discussions ranged from the nature of light and matter to the enigmatic principles of quantum mechanics. Debates echoed through the hallowed halls of the Solvay Institute as these intellectual giants grappled with the universe's fundamental building blocks.

Legacy and Impact: Pioneering the Future

The Fifth Solvay Conference is a testament to the power of collaboration, curiosity, and the pursuit of truth. The theories and insights from this historic gathering continue to inform and inspire generations of scientists, paving the way for technological advancements and a deeper understanding of the cosmos.

A Window into History

In the heart of the Fifth Solvay Conference, amidst the convergence of great minds and boundless curiosity, lies a pivotal moment in the tapestry of human knowledge. 

Capturing the Wild: Nature Picture Library Stock Images and Video

A Global Showcase of Natural Splendor

At the heart of Nature Picture Library lies an extensive stock collection covering every corner of the globe. From the misty rainforests of the Amazon to the icy expanses of Antarctica, their library is a testament to the magnificence of nature. Whether you seek the graceful flight of a bird, the tranquil serenity of a woodland scene, or the predator's power on the hunt, their collection has it all.

View the Nature Picture Library Gallery

A Glimpse into the Natural World: Iconic Subjects and Hidden Gems

The ocean depths are a world of mystery and wonder. Deep-sea fish, eels, worms, and other creatures glide through the inky darkness, their otherworldly forms a testament to the adaptability of life in even the harshest of environments. Nature Picture Library offers glimpses into these unexplored realms.

Independent and Employee-Owned: A Commitment to Integrity

As an independent and employee-owned company, Nature Picture Library embodies a spirit of innovation and integrity. They curate their collection meticulously, ensuring that each image and video meets the highest standards of quality and authenticity.

Championing Conservation: Beyond the Lens

What truly sets Nature Picture Library apart is its commitment to conservation. They actively support projects that make a difference. They channel their resources toward protecting and preserving the environments and species depicted in their imagery through partnerships and initiatives.

Behind the Lens: World-Class Photographers

Nature Picture Library has a remarkable network of world-class nature and wildlife photographers. These individuals venture into the most remote and challenging natural environments to capture moments of sheer magic. Their lenses reveal the beauty and complexity of our natural world.

Conclusion: Inspiring Appreciation for the Natural World

In a world where the pace of life seems to accelerate with each passing day, Nature Picture Library serves as a reminder to pause, to marvel, and appreciate the natural world around us. Through their imagery, they invite us to reconnect with the Earth and rediscover the wonder and awe that lies beyond our doorstep.

Steve Gschmeissner, World Renown Scanning Electron Microscopist

In the realm of microscopy, Steve Gschmeissner stands out as one of the world's leading microscopists. Renowned for his unparalleled skill in capturing the unseen beauty of the microscopic world, Gschmeissner has dedicated his career to revealing the secrets hidden within the tiniest dimensions of life.

View a selection of stock SEMs and TEMs images by Steve Gschmeissner

Gschmeissner's portfolio boasts captivating images ranging from cancer cells and macrophages to bone, plant cells, tardigrades, and many others.

His creations have been featured in various periodicals, websites, and books. What's even more remarkable is that musician Peter Gabriel incorporated his work on album covers and promotional posters, and it has also served as inspiration in the world of high fashion.

Science Source, a prominent provider of science and medical content globally, takes pride in showcasing and representing Gschmeissner's work for several decades. His contributions are featured in our extensive stock image collection alongside those of other skilled creators specializing in science and medical stock images.

Visual History of Medicine: Ancient Civilizations Through the 20th Century

The history of medicine is woven with ancient wisdom, scientific breakthroughs, and human curiosity. From the humble beginnings of ancient herbal remedies to the modern invention of pharmaceuticals, the evolution of medicine mirrors the progress of humanity itself. Let’s explore some of the pivotal moments and developments that have shaped healthcare.

VIEW THE MEDICAL HISTORY GALLERY OF STOCK IMAGES

Ancient Herbal Remedies:

A photos of the Ebers medical papyrus from ancient Egypt. © Science Source

The roots of medicine stretch back to the dawn of civilization, where early humans relied on nature for healing. Ancient herbal remedies, passed down through generations, formed the cornerstone of early medical practices. Civilizations such as the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Chinese meticulously documented the therapeutic properties of plants, laying the foundation for botanical medicine.

Egyptian Medicine:

In the land of the Pharaohs, medicine flourished alongside advancements in architecture, astronomy, and art. Ancient Egyptian physicians, revered for their expertise, blended empirical observation with spiritual beliefs to diagnose and treat illnesses. The Ebers Papyrus, a monumental medical document dating back to around 1550 BCE, provides insights into the ailments and remedies of the time, ranging from surgical procedures to herbal concoctions.

Ancient Greek Medicine:

The legacy of Hippocrates, the father of Western medicine, looms large over the annals of ancient Greek medicine. Rejecting superstition in favor of rational inquiry, Hippocratic physicians laid the groundwork for clinical observation and ethical medical practice. The Hippocratic Oath, a timeless pledge to uphold patient welfare and confidentiality, remains a guiding principle for modern healthcare professionals.

Medieval Medicine:

Early blood transfusion. Historical artwork of the English physiologist Richard Lower (1631-1691) transfusing blood into a man's arm from a lamb in 1667. The end of the tube used to puncture the blood vessels and transfer the blood is at top left. ©Science Source

The Middle Ages ushered in an era of profound religious influence and medical stagnation. Drawing from the teachings of Galen, medieval physicians adhered to the theory of the four humors, believing that an imbalance in bodily fluids caused disease. Monastic infirmaries and Islamic medical centers served as oases of healing amidst the turmoil of war and plague, preserving and transmitting ancient medical knowledge to future generations.

Renaissance Medicine:

The rebirth of learning during the Renaissance sparked a resurgence of interest in anatomy, physiology, and empirical investigation. Visionaries such as Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius revolutionized the study of human anatomy through meticulous dissections and anatomical illustrations. The printing press, a transformative invention of the era, disseminated medical texts to a wider audience, democratizing access to knowledge.

19th Century:

The 19th century witnessed unprecedented strides in medical science and public health. The discovery of anesthesia by William Morton in 1846 revolutionized surgical practice, paving the way for complex procedures with reduced pain and risk. The germ theory of disease, championed by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, fundamentally altered our understanding of infectious diseases, leading to advancements in sanitation, vaccination, and antibiotics.

20th Century:

The dawn of the 20th century heralded a golden age of medical innovation and global health initiatives. The development of insulin by Frederick Banting and Charles Best transformed the prognosis for diabetes patients, while the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming inaugurated the era of antibiotics. Breakthroughs in medical imaging, genetics, and pharmacology reshaped diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, offering new hope for patients facing previously incurable conditions.

Modern Drugs:

The advent of modern pharmaceuticals represents a triumph of science and collaboration. From aspirin to statins, from antiretrovirals to immunotherapies, pharmaceuticals have revolutionized disease management and prevention, extending lifespans and enhancing quality of life for millions worldwide. However, the pursuit of medical progress is not without challenges, as concerns over drug safety, affordability, and equitable access persist in an increasingly interconnected world.

The Journey of Medical History

The history of medicine is a testament to human ingenuity, resilience, and compassion. From ancient herbal remedies to cutting-edge pharmaceuticals, each chapter in this narrative reflects our relentless quest to alleviate suffering and prolong life. As we stand on the threshold of a new era in healthcare, let us honor the lessons of the past while embracing the opportunities of the future, united in our commitment to heal, to innovate, and to care.

Sleep Disorders: Insomnia, Sleep Apnea, Restless Leg Syndrome and Others to Keep You Awake

Ah, sleep! That magical realm where we escape the chaos of the waking world, only to find ourselves facing a different chaos in the form of sleep disorders.

From the frustrating grip of insomnia to the peculiar sensations of restless leg syndrome and the potentially life-threatening nature of sleep apnea, these conditions can turn the pursuit of a good night's sleep into a nightly battle.

GALLERY OF STOCK IMAGES ABOUT SLEEP DISORDERS

Insomnia: The Relentless Sleep Saboteur:

Insomnia is the relentless villain of the sleep world. Its origins are multifaceted, stemming from diverse factors such as stress, exposure to blue light, alcohol consumption, overeating, the use of certain medications and drugs, underlying health conditions, and various mental health conditions.

Restless Leg Syndrome: The Disruptive Sensation:

Restless leg syndrome, on the other hand, is a peculiar sensory experience that can feel like an itch you can't scratch, an odd tingle, or an uncontrollable urge to move your legs. This sensation often intensifies during inactivity, making it particularly disruptive during the night.

Sleep Apnea: The Silent Breathing Challenge:

Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep. These breathing interruptions can be frequent, causing abrupt awakenings, choking, or gasping for air. The dangers of untreated sleep apnea include an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and daytime fatigue. It's a condition that demands attention and treatment.

Conclusion:

Sleep disorders like insomnia, restless leg syndrome, and sleep apnea can affect the quality of your life by depriving you of the restorative power of a good night's sleep. Effective treatments and lifestyle changes can significantly improve your sleep quality and overall well-being. Seeking help from a healthcare professional is a wise step.

There is no need to lose sleep searching for medical stock photography and videos about sleep disorders or any science or medical topic. As always, we offer free research with no obligation. Just send us an email.

Remember, a good night's sleep is not a luxury; it's a necessity for a healthy and balanced life.

Captivating Creatures: New Wildlife Stock Photography from Biosphoto

Biosphoto, a distinguished name in stock photography, has unveiled an enthralling collection of wildlife photography. From the ocean's depths to the forest’s sky-high branches, the collection showcases the enchanting beauty of diverse creatures such as octopuses, lizards, ladybugs, elephants, cranes, puffins, and more.

Gallery of Biosphoto Wildlife Photography

Wild Splendor

Follow elephants as they migrate through the savannah and explore the coral reef at low tide. From the intricate patterns of lizards' scales to the macro worlds of ladybugs, Biosphoto's collection is a tribute to the rich tapestry of life on Earth.

These images remind us of the need to protect and preserve our precious natural world. They invite us to explore and appreciate the captivating world around us.

For many decades, Biosphoto's stunning stock of wildlife and nature photography has been made available to you through Science Source Images, and we are honored to continue representing their amazing work. See more in the link below.

J.L. Carson's Microscopic Masterpieces: Unveiling the Beauty of Medical and Microbiology Worlds

J. L. Carson's medical and microbiology photography seamlessly merges art and science. His portfolio delves deep into the microscopic domain of cellular biology, unveiling its intricate beauty and complexity, aiding scientists, researchers, and enthusiasts in gaining a deeper understanding of this fascinating world.

Gallery of Medical Images by JL Johnny Carson

His extensive body of work encompasses a wide range of subjects, including E. coli, hamster ovaries, white blood cells, extravasation, adenocarcinoma in the human breast, human sperm, mosquito larva, bovine pulmonary, endothelial cells, ragweed pollen, mitosis interphase, bacteriophage, and leukocytes.

J.L. Carson, Ph.D., is a distinguished expert in cell and molecular biology, environmental science, the health effects of air pollution, and genetic diseases related to mucociliary clearance. He holds the position of Professor Emeritus in Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Physiology at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Science Source is proud to showcase J.L Carson’s work and other leaders in the field. For more click on the link above.

Exploring the Wonders of Psilocybin Magic Mushrooms

Psilocybin magic mushrooms have long captivated human curiosity for their mind-altering properties and rich cultural history. These fungi, containing the active compound psilocybin, have been used in spiritual practices for centuries and are now gaining recognition for their therapeutic potential.

Stock Images of Psilocybin & Magic Mushrooms

Psilocybin's interaction with serotonin receptors in the brain leads to altered perceptions, thoughts, and emotions, often resulting in profound inner experiences. Users report feelings of interconnectedness with nature and insights into their own psyche. These experiences offer a unique opportunity for self-discovery and personal growth.

Scientific research is uncovering the therapeutic promise of psilocybin mushrooms. Studies suggest they can effectively treat conditions like depression, anxiety, PTSD, and addiction. Psychedelic-assisted therapy, guided by trained professionals, is showing great promise in mental health treatment. As we delve deeper into the potential of psilocybin, it may revolutionize mental healthcare and offer renewed hope to those in need.

Explore Science Source's stock images of psilocybin. We have photos of mushrooms, psilocybin being processed in the lab, conceptual illustrations, and also molecular models.

Sue Seif's Medical Illustrations

GALLERY OF SUE SEIF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATIONS

Award winning illustrator, Sue Seif has been a professional in medical illustration for over four decades. Receiving her bachelor’s degree from Goucher College in 1968 and her MA at John Hopkins, she went on to found S&A MEDICAL GRAPHICS, a leading creator of demonstrative evidence for the defense of medical malpractice litigation.

She has covered topics ranging from brain diseases to fetal development. Her images explore the human body on a system wide level and to the most minute detail, demonstrating human development and the effects of illnesses and cures.

Medical stock image gallery

Self has covered hemorrhages, strokes, hematoma, drug tolerance, premature birth and even head aches. She also has a vast catalogue of anatomical works exploring the brain, lungs, heart and other major organs.

Seif uses eye catching contrast and smooth modeling to create life-like renderings that are striking and realistic. Click the link below to explore more of Sue Seif’s work.

Top Ten Selling Stock Medical Illustrations

Discover Top-Selling Medical Illustrations by Expert Artists by Science Source

As an illustrator, there are many different areas you can specialize in, such as botanical, animal, pet, nature, automotive, technical, and more. One area that has always been fascinating is medical illustration, which is popular both among illustrators and clients.

People's health is always important, which is why professional and top-quality medical illustration requires years of study, talent, and hard work. The illustrations must be accurate, visually appealing, and communicate the subject.

For over 50 years, Science Source has represented image creators, including some of the best medical illustrators in the world. Our artists are equipped to deal with the latest medical technologies and breakthroughs, and we cater to a wide range of clients, including pharmaceutical companies, medical textbook publishers, and even individuals looking for unique wall art.

We've put together a list of our top-selling images, some of which are classics while others are new.

10. Multiple Myeloma Plasma Cells Stock Illustration of Multiple Myeloma

A type of white blood cell cancer that affects plasma cells. Plasma cells mature from B lymphocytes in the bone marrow and produce antibodies used to fight infections.

9. Psoriatic Arthritis Symptoms Stock Illustration of Psoriatic Arthritis

Symptoms of psoriatic arthritis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease (psoriasis), are accompanied by arthritis and other joint problems.

8. Deep Brain Stimulation, Illustration Stock Illustration of Deep Brian Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation is used to treat movement and affective disorders such as Parkinson's, essential tremor, dystonia, major depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder

7. Second-line Therapeutics for Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma Stock Medical Illustration of Renal Cancer Therapy

Second-line Therapeutics for Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma. A cancer cell is shown targeted by immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents.

6. Nanotechnology, Illustration Stock Medical Illustration of Nanotechnology

"Nanotechnology involves the use of tiny particles to create new materials and devices. One potential application is the use of nanobots to help red blood cells carry oxygen more efficiently."

5. Human Lungs Stock Medical Illustration of Human Lungs

Respiratory system. Illustration of the human lungs. The artwork shows the trachea, and the aveoli, which are the air scas of the lungs.

4. Kidney, nephron, drawing Stock Illustration of Nephron

Kidney, nephron, drawing. Nephron. Representation of the structure of the nephron with its glomerulus (brown sphere at the top in the middle) in which is done the filtering of the urine

3. HIV particles, 3D artwork Stock Illustration of HIV particles

HIV particles, computer artwork. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome).

2. B-DNA 3D model Stock 3D Illustration of B-DNA Model

Computer-generated model of B-DNA, showing its twisted double helix structure. B-DNA is a conformation of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid), the carrier of the genetic code.

1. Embolus in the Blood Stream Stock 3D Illustration of an Embolus

Illustration of an embolus (purple): A detached, traveling intravascular mass carried by circulation; it can cause serious health conditions, including an embolic stroke.






Science Source is a worldwide supplier of stock medical illustration and medical animation. Contact us if you are interested in buying a license, we offer royalty-free rights managed and also subscription pricing.

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Prehistoric Animal Fossil Stock Photography by Millard Sharp

Millard Sharp has traveled to many museums and science centers in the United States to photograph their dinosaur fossil collections. A few include the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Colorado; Wyoming Dinosaur Center, Wyoming; Mesalands Community College, Dinosaur Museum, New Mexico; Panhandle-Plains Historical Museum, Texas; Orlando Science Center, Florida.

Photo Gallery of Dinosaur Bones by Millard Sharp

Photographs capturing dinosaur skeletons against a backdrop of pure darkness offer a mesmerizing window into the prehistoric world. They remind us of the majesty that once dominated our planet, inspiring our imagination and encouraging further exploration into Earth's distant past.

His fossil subjects include a Saber Tooth Cat, a Sea Turtle, Shovel Tusked Gomphothere, Tyrannosaurus Rex Skull, Zarafasaura oceanis, Dimetrodon(Dimetrodon Limbatus)Fossil, Triceratops, Velociraptor Mongoliensis, Hesperornis Gracilis Bird, Hadrosaur Eggs in Nest, Florida Spectacled Bear, and numerous other prehistoric fossils.

Science Source stock photos provide accurate and full metadata in our content. We offer several licensing options, including royalty-free, rights-managed, and subscription pricing. Please feel free to contact us to experience our stellar customer service.

Agriculture Industry and Renewable Energy Stock Images by Inga Spence

Inga Spence, a highly talented photographer, captures the beauty and intricacies of agriculture through her lens. With a keen eye for detail and a deep appreciation for the natural world, Spence expertly conveys the essence of farming and the agricultural industry in her photographs.

She has captured wheat fields, Jersey calves, combine harvesters, pesticide spraying, crop dusting, Holstein Cows, poultry, soybean harvesting, and many other aspects of agriculture.

Gallery of Agriculture Industry Stock Images by Inga Spence

Spence also photographs renewable energy sources, like wind farms and solar power installations, which are visually stunning and symbolize our collective progress toward a greener future.

Her work is available for licensing through Science Source, a curated stock photos and video provider.