Cephalopods: Captivating Ocean Creatures

For centuries, cephalopods have captured the imagination of mariners, artists, and storytellers. As far back as the Bronze Age, Minoans depicted octopuses in their pottery, fascinated by these mysterious, eight-armed creatures. Even today, cephalopods continue to inspire awe, appearing in modern mythology, steampunk aesthetics, literature, film, music, and video games—both feared and admired.

Cephalopods are a group of marine animals known for their intelligence, adaptability, and unique survival strategies. They use jet propulsion for movement, camouflage to evade predators, and ink as a defense mechanism. Their highly developed eyes rival those of vertebrates, making them some of the ocean’s most intriguing inhabitants.

The four main types of cephalopods are:

• Octopuses – Soft-bodied and shell-less, octopuses are known for their problem-solving abilities and incredible camouflage skills.

• Squid – Similar to octopuses but with two additional tentacles, squid are fast swimmers and masterful hunters.

• Cuttlefish – Equipped with eight arms, two tentacles, and an internal shell called a cuttlebone, cuttlefish are renowned for their dynamic color-changing abilities.

• Nautiluses – The only cephalopods with an external shell, nautiluses can have up to 90 tentacles, which lack suckers but feature ridges for grasping prey.

At Science Source, we offer a vast collection of high-quality stock images and videos featuring these fascinating marine creatures. Whether you’re working on a nature documentary, educational material, or a science publication, we can help you find the perfect cephalopod visuals.

Contact us today for expert assistance—no obligation, just a passion for bringing the wonders of the ocean to your projects!

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Scuba diver and Common Cuttlefish

Scuba diver and Common Cuttlefish Sepia officinalis The Cave dive site Vis Island Croatia Adriatic Sea Mediterranean. © NHPA / Photoshot / Science Source

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Octopuses of the World

Collage of various species of octopus © Roger Hall / Science Source

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Flapjack Octopus

This species of Grimpoteuthis, or flapjack octopus, is a deep water species. A key character to this group is the webbing between the tentacles. This individual, roughly baseball-sized, was captured in a trawl between 500 meters depth and the surface. © Dante Fenolio / Science Source

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Bobtail Squid

Bobtail squid, Euprymna berryi, Komodo, Indonesia. © David Fleetham / Stocktrek Images /Science Source

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Gout: A Growing Health Concern

Gout is the most common inflammatory form of arthritis worldwide, and its prevalence continues to rise. In the United States alone, nearly 4% of the population suffers from this painful condition—more than double the rate of 25 years ago.

Gout attacks often strike suddenly, typically overnight, and cause severe pain, swelling, and heat, most commonly in the big toe. Other joints, such as the hands, may also be affected, leading to limited mobility. Early attacks may last a few days to weeks, but over time, flare-ups can become more frequent and prolonged.

Causes and Risk Factors

Gout is triggered by the accumulation of urate crystals in the joints. These crystals form when uric acid—normally processed by the kidneys and excreted through urine— builds up in the bloodstream. Several factors contribute to this accumulation, including:

• Dietary Choices: Overindulgence in purine-rich foods such as anchovies, sardines, tuna, beer, and fructose-sweetened beverages.

• Health Conditions: High blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and kidney or heart disease.

• Medications: Certain medications, including beta-blockers.

• Demographics: Gout commonly affects middle-aged men and postmenopausal women.

Gallery of Patient Images and Gout Related Content

Diagnosis and Treatment

If you suspect you have gout, consult a physician. A diagnosis is typically confirmed through blood tests, joint fluid analysis, ultrasound, or other techniques. Physicians may recommend anti-inflammatory treatments to relieve pain and, for those prone to recurrent attacks, prescribe long-term medications to prevent future flare-ups.

The Importance of Visual Communication in Gout Awareness

As the prevalence of gout continues to rise, educating and raising awareness about the condition is more critical than ever.

Science Source provides a diverse collection of authentic and high-quality medical imagery related to gout, including patient photos, educational illustrations, treatment visuals, and more. Our expert team specializes in medical stock images and video, ensuring you find the perfect visual content for your needs.

With renowned customer service and flexible pricing, we are committed to helping you communicate complex medical conditions effectively.

Visit us at sciencesource.com or contact us at info@sciencesource.com for a consultation—at no obligation.

Gout, X-ray

Severe gout, x-ray. © BSIP / Science Source

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Gout in the Finger

Swellings (tophi) in the finger in an elderly male patient with gout. Gout is a disorder of uric acid metabolism in which crystals deposit in the joints causing painful swelling. © SPL / Science Source

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1808 Cartoon of doctors and Gout Patient

A cartoon illustrates thea consultation with his doctors of a man suffering from severe gout. It has traditionally been associated with "excessive living," in particular, overeating and over drinking. The cartoon implies that if the disease doesn't get you, the doctors and undertakers will. © Jean-Loup Charmet / Science Source

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Toe with Gout Under the Microscope

Light microscopic section of big toe with gout. Light micrograph. © J. L. Carson, Ph.D / Science Source

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How a Textile Merchant Became the Father of Microscopy

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was born in 1632 to a basket maker and the daughter of a brewer. Though he never received a formal scientific education, he went on to change the future of medicine, biology, chemistry, ecology, and many other fields that rely on magnification as a critical tool.

After apprenticing at a linen-draper's shop in Amsterdam, van Leeuwenhoek moved to Hypolytusbuurt and opened his own business selling fabrics and ribbons to seamstresses and tailors. Always seeking improvement and naturally curious, he wanted a way to examine fabric more closely to assess its quality.

GALLERY OF MICROSCOPE HISTORY

At the time, magnifying glasses were widely available and typically produced by hand-grinding glass. Van Leeuwenhoek took a different approach—he melted a tiny piece of soda-lime glass, forming a small yet exceptionally high-quality lens. The result was a success.

His interest in optics quickly expanded beyond textiles. He crafted increasingly powerful lenses and began observing a growing list of objects: blood cells, skin, rainwater, pond water, plants, mold, insects, and even lice. Most remarkably, he became the first person to observe microscopic organisms, which he famously called "animalcules."

Word of his discoveries eventually reached the Royal Society of London, where his work was met with both skepticism and astonishment. After repeated verification of his observations, he became recognized as the "Father of Microbiology."

The Evolution of Microscopy

Van Leeuwenhoek’s handcrafted lenses paved the way for modern microscopes. Today, scientists use a variety of microscopes, including:

• Light Microscope – Uses visible light to magnify objects, commonly used in biology and medicine.

• Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) – Uses electron beams to create highly detailed images of thin specimen slices.

• Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) – Produces three-dimensional images by scanning the surface of a specimen with an electron beam.

• Fluorescence Microscope – Uses fluorescent dyes and specialized light to highlight specific cell structures.

• Confocal Microscope – Creates high-resolution, 3D images by scanning a specimen layer by layer.

Van Leeuwenhoek could never have imagined the advanced microscopes of today, but his relentless curiosity and ingenuity laid the foundation for a field that continues to revolutionize science.

You can find every type of microscope image for your stock content needs at Science Source. We are known for our live and helpful customer service. Please send us a no-obligation email with any questions.

Leeuwenhoek Microscope

Leeuwenhoek microscope in use. Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723) is best known for his work on improving the microscope and his contributions towards establishing microbiology. © Biophoto Associates / Science Source

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Hooke’s Cork Wood Cells, Illustration

Illustration of cork wood cells by Robert Hooke from observations of cork wood under a microscope. The illustration appeared in his book "Micrographia," which was published in 1667. © Omikron / Science Source

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Santiago Ramon y Cajal Looking Through a Microscope.

Portrait of Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934). Spanish Neuroscientist. © Album / Oronoz / Science Source

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Robert Hooke's Louse

An illustration of a louse by Robert Hooke, published in his Micrographia (1665).

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Researcher Using a Transmission Electron Microscope

Transmission electron microscopy, 1960s. Researcher using a transmission electron microscope.

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Liver Health: From Promethean Myth to Modern Science

The liver is a multitasker. Located in the upper right abdomen and protected by the ribcage, the liver processes all blood coming from the stomach and intestines, ensuring essential nutrients reach the rest of the body. It filters your blood, stores nutrients and energy, produces proteins, aids in digestion, removes toxins and bacteria, and much more.

Remarkably, it is also the only organ in the human body capable of regenerating itself. Although the Ancient Greeks may not have fully understood liver regeneration, one of their most famous myths—Prometheus’ eternal punishment—suggests they had some awareness. According to legend, an eagle feasted on Prometheus’s liver daily, only for it to grow back overnight.

Today, medical science offers a much clearer understanding of liver function, disease, and ways to keep this vital organ healthy. To support liver health:

• Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables

• Limit or avoid alcohol

• Maintain a healthy weight

• Exercise regularly

• Practice safe sex to prevent viral hepatitis

• Get vaccinated for hepatitis A and B if recommended by your doctor

Gallery of Liver Conditions

Unfortunately, liver disease can be serious. Common conditions include:

• Hepatitis A, B, and C

• Cirrhosis

• Liver cancer

• Fatty liver disease, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

• Alcoholic liver disease (ALD)

If you have concerns about liver health, consult a medical professional. If you need scientifically accurate stock medical images, turn to Science Source.

Science Source is a world-renowned supplier of medical imagery with decades of experience. Our extensive collection includes high-quality medical photography, clinical and gross anatomy images, and detailed scientific illustrations. Our team of skilled artists can also create custom, scientifically accurate graphics tailored to your project’s needs.

Explore our collection today and discover the best in medical stock imagery at Science Source.

Liver Cancer CT scan

Computed tomography (CT) scans through a female patient suffering from secondary liver cancer. The tumours are seen as blue dots within the red/orange liver. This cancer has spread from a primary tumor in the uterus. © Zephyr / Science Source

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Fitness Lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle includes exercise. A conceptual illustration of various people exercising: yoga, soccer, walking, weights, and biking. © Elly Walton / Science Source

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Stages of Liver Disease

Illustration comparing the appearance of (left to right) a healthy, fatty, and cirrhotic liver. © Monica Schroeder / Science Source

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Molecular Model of Hepatitis C Viruses

Hepatitis C viruses. Cut-away molecular model of hepatitis C virus particles (virions). The virus consists of a core of RNA (ribonucleic acid) enclosed in a capsid (red and grey), and surrounding by a glycoprotein envelope (green and white). © Ramon Andrade / Science Source

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Exploring the Universe Through the Art of Detlev van Ravenswaay

For nearly as long as humans have ventured into space, Detlev van Ravenswaay has been capturing the vast beauty of the cosmos through his award-winning space art.

Gallery of Space Art

Born and raised in Germany, Ravenswaay discovered his love for drawing and art early in life, eventually pursuing a degree in visual communications. His talent lies in blending scientific knowledge with awe-inspiring visuals. His art offers breathtaking interpretations of outer space—depicting what we’ve already seen and imagining what lies beyond our current horizons.

Discover his extraordinary collection at Science Source, a premier destination for licensing scientific imagery.

Ravenswaay’s work invites you to marvel at the wonders of Saturn’s rings, envision life on Mars, and the intricate details of a spacecraft. His portfolio extends to depictions of nebulas, galaxies, terraforming Mars, alien landscapes, and more. Each image is a testament to the possibilities of the universe, rendered through the lens of an artist who brings science and imagination together.

Astronaut on Mars

Astronaut on Mars leaving his lander, illustration. © Detlev van Ravenswaay / Science Source

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Solar System and Comet

Illustration of a comet (upper left) passing through the Solar System. The orbits of the 8 planets, and their relative positions from the Sun (upper left) are shown. From the Sun outwards: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. © Detlev van Ravenswaay / Science Source

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Earth's Magnetosphere

The magnetic field around the Earth (pink, blue and red), showing its interaction with particles from the solar wind (yellow). The solar wind is a stream of particles flowing from the Sun. The Earth's magnetosphere, is distorted by this wind, forming a bowed front and a tail millions of kilometers long on the far side. Some of the particles become trapped creating the Van Allen belts. © Detlev van Ravenswaay / Science Source

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Alien Planet and Star Cluster

A view across the rocky surface of an asteroid towards a gas giant planet (center-left), with a space observatory image showing X-ray emission from young solar-type stars in the background. These stars lie within the Wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. © Detlev van Ravenswaay / Science Source

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The Importance of Childhood Healthcare

Whether a child is provided with proper healthcare can determine their health, well-being, and success for the remainder of their life.

Care should begin at birth and continue through adulthood with regular check-ups and tracking for a child’s health and development.

This includes immunizations, which are often required for school attendance, as well as protecting a child from many fatal or debilitating diseases such as polio, measles, rubella, mumps, HPV, chicken pox, and others.

Sample Gallery of Childhood Healthcare Stock Content

Common pediatric health concerns may be cancer, eczema, skin rashes, genetic conditions, colds, the flu, bone growth such as scoliosis, cerebral palsy, type 1 diabetes, and injuries.

Even though baby teeth eventually fall out and are replaced by permanent ones, proper oral care is still important. Regular checkups by a dentist are recommended.

Childhood or pediatric healthcare isn’t just the realm of medical professionals. Parents and caretakers play a vital role in ensuring a child receives proper nutrition, enough sleep, exercise, and develops healthy relationships with classmates, friends, and family.

A child’s ability to become a healthy adult rests on the proper administration of childhood healthcare. Science Source is here to help you find the best and most accurate medical stock content for your healthcare publication. We understand your communication needs and offer a staff of knowledgeable professionals to assist you in your content search. Contact us for individual or subscription pricing today.

Girl with Cancer

A 12-year-old female cancer inpatient in her room on the children's' cancer ward of a hospital. Pediatric cancer ward. © Life in View / Science Source

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Boy With Cerebral Palsy

10 year old boy with cerebral palsy in a wheelchair. Cerebral palsy is a developmental abnormality caused by damage to the brain of a baby during late pregnancy, childbirth or early childhood. It can result in anything from slight weakness and a lack of limb coordination to complete paralysis. © Cecilia Magill / Science Source

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Boy Wearing a Reshaping Helmet

A shaping helmet, also called a cranial molding helmet is a custom made helmet worn by infants to gently correct the shape of a baby’s head. © Steve Nagy / Design Pics / Science Source

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Pediatric Dialysis Unit

Teenage patient in a dialysis treatment unit. Kidney dialysis, or hemodialysis. The patient's blood flows out of their body through a tube into a dialysis machine (blue), or dialyzer. The procedure takes several hours and needs to be repeated several times a week. © Life in View / Science Source

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CRISPR Gene Editing Technology: Bringing Hope for the Future

The groundbreaking discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 in 2012 by Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier revolutionized genetic science, offering new hope for curing diseases once deemed untreatable.

CRISPR, short for "Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats," might sound technical to the average person, but its significance lies in its ability to precisely edit genetic material. This powerful tool has opened the door to correcting genetic mutations and improving countless medical conditions.

Gallery of Stock CRISPR Images

During the COVID-19 pandemic, CRISPR-based advancements played a crucial role in the rapid development of vaccines, showcasing its potential beyond traditional applications. Recently, CRISPR technology has enabled a cure for sickle cell disease through gene therapy, marking a milestone in medicine.

The future of CRISPR holds even greater promise, with potential treatments for genetic disorders like hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Tay-Sachs disease, and fragile X syndrome. Furthermore, researchers are exploring CRISPR's potential in combating various cancers, including brain, colorectal, renal, liver, and bladder cancers.

This revolutionary technology continues to transform the landscape of medicine, offering hope to millions worldwide.

CRISPR

A conceptual illustration of the CRISPR gene editing tool. Sickle-shaped blood cells above it and normal blood cells below it. © Monica Schroeder / Science Source

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Cystic Fibrosis

Annual medical review of a 22-year-old woman suffering from mucoviscidosis. Here, she is breathing into a spirometer. © Burger / Phanie / Science Source

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Huntington’s Disease

Caudate nuclei are highlighted in the human brain and a close-up view of its neurons, illustration. The caudate nucleus is a component of the basal ganglia. It is associated with motor processes and plays a role in Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases. © Kateryna Kon / Science Source

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Alzheimers

Illustration comparing a normal brain (left) with a brain suffering from Alzheimer's disease (right). © Monica Schroeder / Science Source

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Cancer attacked by Killer Cells

Cancer attacked by killer cells. Colored Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) of two human natural killer (NK) cells attacking a cancer cell. The NK cells are yellow with numerous long fluid projections which are beginning to flow around the red cancer cell. Natural killer cells are a type of white blood cell known as T-lymphocytes. © Eye of Science / Science Source

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Micrograph of Sickle Cells & Normal Blood Cells

Sickle cells, crescent-shaped erythrocytes (red blood cells) that result from a change in the amino acid sequence of the cells' hemoglobin. These cells are most likely to sickle under low-oxygen conditions. © Eye of Science / Science Source

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Roger Hall Wildlife Illustration

The beauty and charm of a hand painted wildlife illustration are apparent in Roger Hall’s scientifically accurate illustrations. His work has been published numerous times for many notable organizations such as National Geographic, The Nature Conservancy and the World Wildlife Fund.

His wildlife illustrations have been featured on television and in scientific papers, magazines and journals. His portfolio includes over 3000 images of more than 1500 different species of flora and fauna. Through Science Source, his images may grace your project as well.

Science Source offers free research and renowned customer service. Contact us for special pricing for larger projects.

Roger Hall Wildlife Illustration Gallery

Extinct Animals of North America

Collage of various extinct animals native to North America including the western camel, American lion, ancient bison, Jefferson’s ground sloth and others.

© Roger Hall / Science Source

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Great Blue Heron

Illustration of a Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias). A large wetlands bird often seen patiently standing hunting for its dinner.

© Roger Hall / Science Source

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Leopards of the World

Collage of all currently living species of leopard - panthera pardus. For now they include the Sri Lankan Leopard, Javan Leopard, African Leopard and others.

© Roger Hall / Science Source

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Mountain gorilla

Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei), male silverback is an endangered species. They may still be found in parts of Africa, notably the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. Males may weigh upwards to 400 lbs and consume 40 lbs of leaves, stems and fruit per day.

© Roger Hall / Science Source

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Mastodon

Illustration of a mastodon (Mammut americanum). Their extinction, around the end of the ice age, was hastened by humans hunting them.

© Roger Hall / Science Source

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Duck-billed Platypus

Illustration of a Duck-billed Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). It is one of only five mammals that lay eggs. It is well recognized for its duck-like beak and flipper-like feet. It is found in eastern Australia and Tasmania.

© Roger Hall / Science Source

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Asthma: Still a Common Condition

Despite modern advancements, asthma remains the leading cause of school absences among children. Progress has been made with oral medications, inhalers, research, and patient education, but many, including over five million children under 13, continue to live with asthma.

A significant factor is the wide range of triggers, many of which are found in the home. These include air pollution, stress, smoking, pets, dust and dust mites, genetics, obesity, household chemicals, fragrances, and respiratory infections.

Gallery of Asthma Stock Photos & Illustrations

Asthma can present through various symptoms, such as labored breathing, coughing, wheezing, chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for parents, educators, and healthcare professionals in managing the condition in children.

Asthma Attack, X-Ray

Asthma attack; pulmonary frontal-view x-ray. Inflamed airways react to environmental stimuli. The airways narrow and produce excess mucus, hindering breathing. © BSIP / Science Source

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During an asthma attack, the body may produce more mucus, the bronchial tubes can become constricted, and inflammation may develop in the lungs.

Asthmatic boy

Asthmatic boy using his inhaler. Asthma is a condition in which the small airways (bronchioles) in the lungs constrict, making it difficult to breathe. This causes wheezing, coughing and breathlessness, and can be dangerous. The inhaler releases bronchodilator drugs, which widen the airways. Asthma attacks can be brought on by exercise, allergic reactions and cold weather. © Coneyl Jay / Science Source

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If you suspect you or a family member has asthma, seek medical attention promptly. A doctor can help determine the most appropriate treatments and preventive measures. Options may include injectables, inhalers, and tablets. It is also advisable to seek guidance on improving environmental factors.

Bronchus, SEM

Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) showing bronchus from a lung. The bronchus is a passage that conducts air from the trachea (windpipe) into the lungs. © David M. Phillips / Science Source

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For those in need of asthma-related images, Science Source offers professional assistance. Our team of experts in medical stock photography, illustration, and video can help you find the right visual content to meet your budget and deadlines.

Allergenic fungus Alternaria alternata, illustration

Filamentous allergenic fungus Alternaria alternata, computer illustration. Alternaria is a dematiaceous (phaeoid) fungus commonly isolated from plants, soil, food, and indoor building environment. They are causative agents of phaeohyphomycosis and other respiratory allergies. It is one of the main fungal causes of allergy, being a common type I and III allergen. It is the most common species isolated from human infections. © KATERYNA KON / Science Source

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Extraordinarily Strange Animals: Stock Photos at Science Source

Nature has a stranger side full of fascinating oddities and mysteries unseen. Science Source offers an incredible collection of microscopic and macroscopic stock photos showcasing some of the planet's most peculiar animals. Here are a few standouts.

Gallery of Extraordinarily Strange Animals

This species of Grimpoteuthis, or flapjack octopus, is a deep water species. © Dante Fenolio / Science Source

Flapjack Octopus

With its round, cartoonish body, the flapjack octopus looks like it belongs in an animated movie. Found in deep-sea environments, this quirky creature flattens itself on the ocean floor, giving it its iconic name.

Star-Nosed Mole (Condylura cristata) Alpena County, Michigan. © Rod Planck / Science Source

Star-Nosed Mole

The star-nosed mole's 22 fleshy snout appendages give it an alien-like appearance. These sensitive "tentacles" help it navigate the darkness of its underground habitat.

Axolotl

MEXICAN AXOLOTL Ambystoma mexicanum Neotenic (reproductive) larva. © Stephen Dalton / Science Source

This "walking fish" remains in its larval stage its entire life and can regenerate limbs. With feathered gills and translucent skin, the axolotl is a scientific marvel.

Tardigrade

Water bear (Macrobiotus sapiens) in moss. © Eye of Science / Science Source

Microscopic but incredibly resilient, tardigrades can survive the most extreme environments, even space!

Frilled Lizard

Frilled lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii) with frill fully extended in threat display. © B. G. Thomson / Science Source

The frilled lizard is famous for the dramatic, prehistoric-looking frill around its neck, which it displays when threatened.

Glass frog (Centrolenella sp.) with eggs. Costa Rica. © Dr. Paul A. Zahl / Science Source

Glass Frog

With translucent skin revealing their internal organs, glass frogs are as eerie as they are beautiful. Their ability to blend into their surroundings makes them almost invisible to predators.

Fangtooth moray eel (Enchelycore anatina). © Alex Mustard/NaturePL / Science Source

Fangtooth Moray Eel

The fangtooth moray eel’s serpentine body and menacing fangs makes it a creature of nightmares.

These are just a few examples of the extraordinary creatures in Science Source's vast stock photo library. Whether its for science, education, or creative projects, we have the perfect content for your project.

New Hope for Sickle Cell Disease: Innovative Treatments on the Horizon

Sickle cell disease (SCD), a genetically inherited blood disorder, affects millions worldwide. This condition results from a mutation in the hemoglobin gene, which causes red blood cells to become misshapen, or "sickled." These abnormally shaped cells can clog blood vessels, leading to painful episodes, and burst more easily, triggering inflammation and an immune response.

GALLERY OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE STOCK IMAGES & ILLUSTRATIONS

Fortunately, promising new treatments offer renewed hope for individuals living with SCD. New medications, such as L-glutamine and pyruvate kinase activators, specifically target sickle cells and associated proteins to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. These medications, gene therapies, and other innovative treatments are at the forefront of the fight against SCD.

GALLERY OF GENETIC DISEASE STOCK IMAGES

For those seeking high-quality visual content, Science Source offers a wealth of stock images and videos on medical advancements like these, providing valuable educational resources and awareness of SCD and other medical conditions.

Nigel Cattlin's Agriculture and Plant Science Photography

Nigel Cattlin is a distinguished photographer, celebrated for his remarkable ability to capture the beauty and complexity of agriculture, plant science, and gardening. His contributions can be found on ScienceSource.com, where they are widely recognized and admired.

Cattlin’s expertise stems from years of experience working with agricultural companies, where he focuses on the technical aspects of crop protection. Later, he transitioned to stock photography, authoring and co-authoring a series of books in the Color Atlas series, such as Biological Control in Plant Protection.

View a Gallery of Nigel Cattlin’s Agriculture and Plant Science Photography

Beech erineum gall mite galls

His photography covers a wide range of topics within the realm of plant science, including:

• Campanula Rust: the impact of rust on the Campanula plant, showcasing the fine textures and color changes associated with the infection.

• Mold Mycelium: close-up view of this fungal structure, highlighting its role in decay.

• Plant Fungal Infections and Mildew: illustrating the destructive nature of these pathogens on leaves and stems.

• Sawfly Larvae and Woodworm Damage: His images document the damage caused by sawfly larvae and woodworms.

• Basal Rot on Corn: signs of this common disease, focusing on the deterioration of the plant base.

• Smut-Covered Barley: a fungal disease that affects cereal crops, showing the extent of the damage and its impact on grain quality.

• Black Stem Rust on Wheat: conveys the severity of this disease, which poses a significant threat to wheat crops.

• Leaf Spot Disease: a widespread issue, his photos capture the characteristic lesions on affected leaves.

Three key qualities distinguish Cattlin’s photography:

1. Meticulous Detail: His images often highlight the intricate details of plants and the various diseases and pests that affect them, from the delicate structure of flowers to the complexity of root systems and fungal infections.

2. Scientific Precision: Frequently featured in scientific publications, his photographs are valued for their accurate representation of plant structures, diseases, and processes.

3. Artistic Excellence: White scientific in nature, Cattlin’s images are visually striking, blending artistic composition with scientific accuracy.

Tomato mosaic virus

QA International: A Visual Journey

Science Source is excited to announce its partnership with QA International, a leader in scientific, medical, and environmental illustration.

Medical illustration by QAI

QA International is the renowned publisher of the Visual Dictionary, selling over 12 million copies worldwide. Since then, QAI has expanded their collection to over 15,000 high quality illustrations and 2,749 medical images. Using cutting edge data and spectacular visuals, QAI has tackled subjects in human anatomy, ranging from hearts, muscles, lungs, brains, cells, and viruses.

Stock Image Gallery of QA International

Science and Natural Illustrations

QAI has also delved into the natural sciences with over 2,800 illustrations of plants and animals and over 1,700 images of environmental science. Viewers will find cheetahs, elephants, whales, cats, dogs, mice, rabbits, and many more in their vast nature collection. The lifestyle collection is a perfect aid to any cookbook or explorer’s magazine, with detailed illustrations of fruits and vegetables as well as geographic maps and environmental phenomena.

QAI Publications

Since its inception, QAI has contributed to numerous publications from practical guides to encyclopedias and dictionaries. They have made the collection available in both complete titles as well as fragmented content, giving publishers, looking for the best products for their audience, a variety of options. 

Categories within their collection include:

Machinery and tools
Medical
Energy and utilities
Costumes
Musical musical instruments
Architecture and dwellings
Botany and plants
Transportation, vehicles and ships
Sports
Zoology
Animal anatomy
Insects
Reptiles and amphibians
Marine and fish
Environments and ecosystems
Pets dogs and cats
Weather and weather prediction
Earth science
Topography and maps
Prehistoric life and dinosaurs

QIA illuminates the natural world with striking insight and imagination. Now available for licensing at Science Source. Browse our QA International gallery in the link below.

QA International Gallery

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Historical Portrait Collection: A Resource for Education

Finding compelling visuals to enhance learning materials is crucial in the educational landscape. Science Source offers an exclusive collection of historical portraits tailored for textbooks, periodicals, schools, universities, and educational resources.

In-house colorization specialists:

Nicolaus Copernicus, Renaissance mathematician and astronomer.

Particularly noteworthy are the numerous meticulously hand-colored portraits by our in-house staff of illustrators and artists. These images include scientists such as Sigmund Freud, Albert Einstein, Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel, and Isaac Newton, inventors such as Thomas Edison, Robert Oppenheimer, and Charles Darwin, and great philosophers from Immanuel Kant to Friedrich Nietzsche.

Historic Events and Personalities

Philosophers

Unique and Rare Photography Portraiture:

Our stock photography archive contains a unique array of historical portraits that capture iconic figures from various fields. The collection has notable Hollywood personalities such as Audrey Hepburn, Paul Newman, James Dean, Diane Keaton, and Elizabeth Taylor. You'll find these alongside artists like Pablo Picasso and Frida Kahlo, David Hockney, Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol (with the Pope), and Jackson Pollack. Notaries like Julia Child, The Beatles, Elvis Presley, Pete Seeger, and even the Backstreet Boys.

Famous Personalities Gallery

Actors & Performers Gallery

World Leader Portraits

Science Source provides an extensive collection of portraits featuring influential figures from around the globe. From renowned statesmen like Colin Powell, Thomas Jefferson, Lyndon Johnson, and John F. Kennedy to iconic leaders such as Winston Churchill, Queen Victoria, and Margaret Thatcher, our archive encompasses an array of presidents, prime ministers, kings, queens, rulers, and politicians.

World Leaders

United States Presidents & First Ladies

Celebrating Black History

Martin Luther King, Jr. in a church in Atlanta, Georgia, 1968.

In addition to world leaders, Science Source proudly celebrates Black history by showcasing portraits of remarkable blacks in history. From civil rights icons like Martin Luther King and Shirley Chisholm to aviation trailblazers such as Bessie Coleman, our collection honors the contributions of black leaders, scientists, performers, and politicians. Icons like Muhammad Ali, Sidney Poitier, James Baldwin, Bessie Smith, Louis Armstrong, Ray Charles, Josephine Baker, and Jesse Owens serve as enduring inspirations, embodying resilience, talent, and courage.

Black Personalities

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Albert Einstein and his wife, Elsa.

A Legacy of Providing Historical Content for Education

Science Source has provided visual materials for the education industry for over five decades. We cover all study subjects, excelling in medicine, science, physics, chemistry, sociology, and other hard and soft science fields. For educators, Science Source's collection enriches lesson plans and classroom discussions, offering context and inspiration across disciplines.

Famous Physicians & Psychologists

Notable Scientists

Looking Forward:

As education continues to evolve, resources like Science Source's historical portraits play a vital role in fostering understanding and appreciation of our collective past. Let us utilize these images as gateways to exploration and discovery, enriching the educational journey for future generations.

Image and Video Content Pricing Customized to Your Needs

Science Source is at the forefront of providing science and medical stock content worldwide. We offer a range of pricing options, from royalty-free to rights-managed and subscription models. Reach out to us for tailored pricing. Your journey to accessing top-notch scientific imagery and content starts here.

The Power of Tornadoes: Exploring Supercells, Tornado Formation, and Climate Change

Tornadoes emerge from the tumultuous core of thunderstorms, leaving destruction in their wake. Understanding tornadoes necessitates diving into the complexities of supercells, where these vortexes are born. We will delve into the science behind tornado formation while also considering the influence of climate change on these extreme weather events.

Gallery of Tornadoes and Supercells

Supercell Anatomy

Supercell thunderstorm, Kansas. © Caryn Hill Photography / Science Source

Supercells stand out from thunderstorms for their rotating updrafts or mesocyclones. These colossal atmospheric systems, which span vast distances and persist for hours, are the primary incubators for tornadoes. A supercell starts with the clash of warm, moisture-laden air rising from the Earth's surface with cooler, drier air aloft. This stark thermal and moisture gradient creates an unstable atmosphere conducive to thunderstorm development.

As the warm, moist air ascends, it undergoes rapid condensation, releasing latent heat and fueling the updraft's ascent. Concurrently, horizontal wind shear—variations in wind speed and direction with altitude—lays the groundwork for rotational motion within the storm. The interaction between the updraft and wind shear initiates the formation of the mesocyclone, a rotating column of air several miles in diameter.

A Tornado Begins to Form

While supercells possess the necessary ingredients for tornado formation, not all lead to the creation of tornadoes. The transition from a rotating mesocyclone to a tornado involves the interplay between the storm's internal dynamics and external environmental factors. One pivotal mechanism driving tornado genesis is the stretching of horizontal vorticity—a spinning motion of air—into a vertical orientation.

This vertical stretching occurs through various processes, including the tilting of horizontally rotating air by the updraft and the convergence of horizontal wind vorticity near the Earth's surface. As the mesocyclone intensifies, a wall cloud—a region of enhanced low-level rotation—may form beneath the storm. A funnel cloud may descend from this wall cloud, marking the incipient stage of a tornado. The funnel cloud extends downward from the parent cloud base but does not yet contact the ground.

Tornado Formation

Tornado in four steps. © Monica Schroeder / Science Source

A critical process known as vortex stretching must ensue for a funnel cloud to evolve into a tornado. Vortex stretching amplifies the rotation within the funnel cloud, intensifying its circulation and drawing air inward at an accelerating rate. As the rotating column of air descends toward the Earth's surface, it may become visible as a tornado. Upon contact with the ground, the tornado establishes itself, unleashing its destructive potential.

Waterspouts

Historical Drawing of a Waterspout. © Mary Evans / Science Source

Waterspouts are the aquatic counterparts of tornadoes. They form over bodies of water, ranging from oceans and lakes to rivers and even smaller ponds. While waterspouts share similarities with tornadoes, their formation mechanisms differ slightly. Waterspouts typically develop under high humidity and atmospheric instability conditions, often associated with convective showers or thunderstorms passing over warm water. Like their terrestrial counterparts, waterspouts exhibit a characteristic funnel shape, extending downward from the cloud base toward the water's surface. While most waterspouts remain relatively weak and short-lived, some can intensify, posing risks to maritime activities and coastal communities. 

The Fujita Tornado Scale

With winds of between 250 and 330 km/h, is an F3 tornado © QA International / Science Source

The Fujita Tornado Scale, developed by renowned meteorologist Dr. Tetsuya Theodore Fujita in 1971, is a vital tool for categorizing tornadoes based on their intensity and damage. Originally known as the Fujita-Pearson Scale, it underwent revisions over the years, with the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale being the most recent iteration adopted in 2007. Based on estimated wind speeds and associated damage patterns, this scale classifies tornadoes into six categories, ranging from EF0 (weak) to EF5 (violent). Each category provides insights into the destructive potential of a tornado, helping meteorologists and emergency management officials assess the severity of a tornado event and allocate resources accordingly. The EF Scale facilitates standardized reporting and analysis of tornado events and enhances public awareness and preparedness, empowering communities to respond effectively to the ever-present threat of tornadoes.

Effects of Climate Change

 In recent years, mounting evidence shows climate change influences the frequency, intensity, and distribution of tornadoes. Increasing atmospheric moisture and changes to circulation patterns due to climate change shape tornado occurrence.

Gallery of Weather and Meteorology Images

Our Future in the Face of Tornadoes

Computer forecasting extreme weather. © Andrew Baker / Science Source

Tornadoes are formidable manifestations of atmospheric dynamics, embodying nature's raw power and complexity. While scientists continue to advance our understanding of tornado formation, the potential influence of climate change underscores the urgency of addressing environmental challenges. By combining scientific inquiry with proactive mitigation and adaptation strategies, we can strive to mitigate the impacts of tornadoes and build resilient communities in the face of evolving climatic conditions. As we marvel at the spectacle of these swirling vortexes, let us also heed the call for collective action to safeguard lives and livelihoods from the ever-changing forces of nature.

Industrial Revolution: The Road to Modernity

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was a time of rapid technological development and social and political change.  Starting in 1740 and ending in 1840, the Industrial Revolution saw to the development of mass industry and in many ways, the beginning of the modern era.

The Locomotive

The locomotive, perhaps the most iconic symbol of the revolution, was built in the United Kingdom in 1804 by Richard Trevithick. Revolutionizing transportation, it allowed factories to quickly access and transfer resources. It also made long distance travel possible for everyday people, allowing some to see their countries for the first time. This helped start the Environmental movement and the Romantic movement.

The Telegraph

A massive leap in communication came with the telegraph machine, which made it possible for people to transmit messages over large distances using electricity. For the system to work, two machines were set up at different locations, called telegraph offices and would transmit messages across electrical wires. When the message was received, the machine would deliver it electromagnetically using a needle pointer. The Cooke and Wheatstone Telegraph, the first widely used model was invented in 1837.

The Spinning Jenny

The spinning jenny was a multi-spindle spinning frame and one of the key developments in the industrialization of textile manufacturing. Invented between 1764 and1765 by James Hargreaves in England, the device increased the production of cloth by allowing workers to utilize eight or more spools at a time. This grew to 120 as technology advanced, helping to start cotton factories and the advent of manufacturing.

The Sewing Machine

After the spinning Jenny the sewing machine, invented in 1790 by Thomas Saint further advanced the textile industry. The machine used a stitching awl to pierce through a material, carry a thread through a hole and move it to a new stitching location, before repeating the cycle. It was used primarily on leather and canvas, reducing the the need for hand-stitching. Later models would use a wider array of materials, making sewing a reliable and efficient process in industry.

The Cotton Gin

While the primary effect of the Industrial Revolution was economic, there were cultural and political changes as well. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin provided the first alternative to manual slave labor in the deep American South, paving the way for the Civil War and emancipation. Textile factories with the newly invented power loom changed the lives of women, who traditionally worked in sewing and could now get factory jobs. 

Stock Image Gallery of the Industrial Revolution

Humanitarian and Environmental Impact

The industrial revolution also had negative impacts. As industry increased, many factory owners abused vulnerable work forces, including children. In England and Scotland in 1788, two-thirds of the workers in water-powered cotton were minors. Human inventions began to have a much greater toll on the environment as well. For the first time, the London sky turned consistently black with a mixture of fog and smoke called smog.

The Microscopic Metropolis Inhabiting Your Skin: Mites, Lice, Fleas, Bacteria and Fungus

As we gaze into the mirror, we often overlook the bustling metropolis that thrives beneath the surface – our skin. Beyond its protective and aesthetic functions lies an ecosystem teeming with microscopic inhabitants. Join me on an expedition into this unseen realm as we unravel the mysteries of the creatures that call our skin home.

Follicle mite protruding from a hair follicle. © Andrew Syred / Science Source

Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis: Eyelash Mites

Meet the microscopic mites that have taken up residence within the confines of our hair follicles – Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis. These microscopic arachnids, measuring a mere fraction of a millimeter, spend their entire lives deep within our skin's sebaceous glands and hair follicles. While Demodex folliculorum primarily inhabits the hair follicles, Demodex brevis prefers the sebaceous glands. Despite their benign presence for most individuals, these mites have been implicated in certain skin conditions when their populations increase unchecked, leading to symptoms such as rosacea and blepharitis.

Human Lice: Head Lice, Body Lice & Public Lice

The mention of lice conjures images of scalp discomfort, but these parasites can also be found in other areas. Three distinct species of lice – head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis), body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis), and pubic lice (Pthirus pubis) – have adapted to specific niches on the human body. Head lice primarily inhabit the scalp and hair. Body lice prefer clothing and bedding, venturing onto the skin only to feed. Pubic lice prefer coarse body hair, particularly in the pubic region. These parasites evoke both discomfort and social stigma.

Human flea (pulex irritans). © Eye of Science / Science Source

Human Fleas

Fleas, notorious for tormenting household pets, are not averse to seeking refuge in human hosts. Human fleas (Pulex irritans) can infest areas lacking hygiene, increasing in densely populated and unsanitary environments. While they primarily feed on the blood of mammals, including humans, their presence can provoke allergic reactions and transmit diseases such as murine typhus and tapeworm infections. Vigilance in maintaining cleanliness and addressing infestations promptly is essential for mitigating the risks associated with these persistent pests.

Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria, the cause fo a staph infection. © Steve Gschmeissner / Science Source

Skin Bacteria

Our skin is a veritable battleground for microbial communities, with bacteria comprising many of its inhabitants. While many bacterial species contribute to maintaining skin health and immune function, certain strains can instigate infections and dermatological disorders. From the ubiquitous Staphylococcus aureus to the opportunistic Propionibacterium acnes, the intricate interplay between bacterial populations shapes the resilience and susceptibility of our skin to disease.

Gallery of Acne Medical Photographs and Medical Illustrations

Skin Fungus: Ringworm, Athlete's Foot

Illustration of fungus Trichophyton rubrum and athlete’s foot. © Kateryna Kon / Science Source

Fungal infections are another common affliction of the skin. Common ones are ringworm and athlete's foot. Dermatophytes, the fungi responsible for these conditions, thrive in warm, moist environments, making areas such as the feet, groin, and scalp prime targets. Despite their colloquial names, neither ringworm nor athlete's foot is caused by worms; instead, they are fungal.

Our skin is a dynamic ecosystem inhabited by microscopic organisms, each playing a distinct role in its equilibrium. From the elusive Demodex mites to the persistent parasites and opportunistic pathogens, understanding the complexities of our skin's inhabitants enhances our appreciation for its resilience and vulnerability. Fostering a harmonious relationship becomes essential in preserving the health and integrity of our largest organ.

A Confluence of Science and Art: The 3D Illustrations of Kateryna Kon

In the world of creativity, there exist individuals who seamlessly blend their passion for art with their deep understanding of science. Kateryna Kon is one such 3D artist whose work transcends crafting photorealistic illustrations that are as captivating as they are informative.

Kateryna Kon’s Portfolio

Her portfolio encompasses a wide array of topics, ranging from the intricacies of whooping cough bacteria and leukemia blood cells to the significance of substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, she explores subjects such as the bird flu virus, mitochondrion function, stomach ulcers, anthrax, fungi, microtubules, Golgi apparatus, intracellular transport, and countless others.

Gallery of Kateryna Kon’s 3D Medical Illustrations

Kateryna's journey began at Kharkiv National Medical University in Ukraine, where she pursued a Ph.D. in Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology. While her academic pursuits primarily revolved around the intricacies of microorganisms and infectious diseases, she was inspired by the world of microbiology.

Her time spent peering through the lens of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) formed her vision for her art.

Career in Academia

Kateryna's academic career led her to publish books, articles, and papers, sharing her discoveries and insights with the world. The necessity for illustrations in her published works prompted Kateryna to venture into 3D illustration.

From Academic to 3D Artist

Following her daughter's arrival, Kateryna decided to dedicate herself entirely to her art. This choice allowed her the flexibility to work from home.

She invites us to explore the beauty of microbiology and infectious diseases through her photorealistic illustrations.

In her work, we find inspiration and a profound appreciation for the wonders of the microscopic world, rendered visible through the lens of creativity.

Exploring Microscopy: Ultimate List of Microscope Types With Image Examples

A glance at any scientific or medical article reveals how far microscopy has evolved from the basic microscope of high school biology classes. Today, it's not just about magnification but also about capturing sharp details, enhancing depth of field, observing internal structures, and experiencing vivid 3D-like visuals that captivate our imagination. Over time, there have been numerous advancements in light microscopy, introducing many new types that unveil a previously unimaginable level of detail.

Stock Image Gallery of Medical Micrographs

The conventional microscope, which is familiar from childhood and known as the "light microscope," functions by utilizing light and a series of lenses. By incorporating filters, specialized mirrors, lasers, specific light spectrums, and other enhancements, we can extract significantly more detailed information.

First, let's cover a few basics:

What is Microscopy

Electron micrograph of red blood cells and fibrin. © Scoatt Camazine / Science Source

Microscopy could be defined as the scientific technique used to observe objects that are too small to be seen with the naked eye, typically using microscopes. It allows researchers to examine the structure and properties of materials and biological specimens at a microscopic level.

Magnification and Resolving Power

Magnification refers to the degree to which an object is enlarged when viewed through a microscope. It is usually expressed as a ratio (e.g., 100x), indicating how many times larger the object appears compared to its actual size.

Resolving power (or resolution) refers to the microscope's ability to distinguish between two closely spaced objects as separate entities. It determines how clearly individual details can be seen.

A Gallery of Royalty-free Micrographs

Let's start with Light Microscopes:

Four types of Light micrographs: Bright Field, Dark Field, Polarized, Phase Contrast. © Marek Mis/Science Source

Various illumination techniques are employed when examining slides under a light microscope, including Bright Field, Dark Field, Fluorescence, Differential Interference Contrast (DIC), Phase Contrast, and Confocal microscopy.

Photos of the microscopes can be found below.

Light Microscope Using Bright Field

Bright Field Microscopy: The light source is directed beneath the specimen, resulting in a brightly lit area surrounding it.

Light Microscope Using Dark Field

Dark Field Microscopy: Here, the light source is obscured, casting light onto the specimen from various angles, providing slightly different details compared to direct illumination.

Fluorescence Microscope

Fluorescence Microscopy: This technique utilizes light filters and specific wavelengths to induce fluorescence in the specimen, producing vibrant images.

Purkinje neurons of the cerebellar cortex stained with four staining methods: hematoxylin eosin (top left), cresyl violet (top right), Cajal's silver nitrate (bottom left) and silver method for Golgi apparatus (bottom right). © Jose Luis Calvo/Science Source

Phase Contrast Microscope

Phase Contrast Microscopy: By employing specialized lenses and filters, this method allows the visualization of transparent and colorless specimens with minimal shadowing.

Differential Interference Contrast Microscope

Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC): Through the use of polarizers, beam splitters, condensers, and filters, transparent specimens can be observed with a distinctly three-dimensional appearance.

Different illumination techniques of a light microscope: dark field, fluorescence, bright field, phase contrast, DIC (differential interference contrast). Child's hair strand © Ted Kinsman/Science Source

Caenorhabditis elegans (roundworm) embryo transform into a Dauer state when stressed during larval development (for instance, due to lack of food, hot environment, or crowding). Somatic cells are colored red, and yellow dots show gut granules used for fat storage. Image compiled from scans of different layers of the embryo. © Kul Bhatia / Ming Kin Wong / Science Source

Confocal Microscope

Confocal Microscopy: Utilizing Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), a laser and spatial pinhole combine to produce high-resolution images with enhanced clarity.

Gallery of Botany Micrographs

Advanced types of microscopes:

Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Escherichia coli (E. coli), a type of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that normally lives in the intestines of people and animals. Magnification is 17,500x at 15cm image size. ©Nano Creative / Science Source

Scanning Electron Microscope

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): This microscope utilizes a beam of electrons to generate sharply detailed images by detecting reflected electrons off the specimen's surface within a vacuum environment, offering magnifications ranging from 20x to 30,000x with a spatial resolution of 50 - 100nm.

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Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of bacteriophage. © Biophoto Associates / Science Source

Transmission Electron Microscope

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): By passing a beam of electrons through a thinly sliced specimen, TEM reveals intricate internal structures with magnifications of up to 2,000,000x.

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Plasma membrane proteins. Colored atomic force micrograph (AFM) showing the surface of a plasma membrane. The membrane consists of a lipid bilayer with many proteins (peaks) attached to it. © PROF. DR. H.OBERLEITHNER, UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF MUENSTER / Science Source

Atomic Force Microscope

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM operates by bouncing a laser off a stylus attached to a cantilever lever, which then traces the specimen's surface. Any deviations trigger sensors, generating a raster image that includes the Z-Plane. Unlike electron microscopy, AFM doesn't require a vacuum, offering versatility in various environments.

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False-color scanning tunneling micrograph (STM) of a DNA double-helix; approximately three turns of the helix are displayed in this image. © Driscoll, Youngquist, & Baldeschwieler / Caltech / Science Source

Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): STM employs electrons based on quantum tunneling, allowing for atomic-level surface imaging in vacuum, air, water, or ambient gas environments.

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What can we look at with all of these microscopes?

Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) of unidentified freshwater bacteria collected from pond water. © Ted Kinsman / Science Source

Scoop up pond water or ocean water to be astonished by the plethora of living zooplankton and phytoplankton visible within a single drop using a simple light microscope.

Gallery of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton

It opens you to the wonder of cyanobacteria, blue-green algae, and ciliates like paramecium, daphnia, amoebas, and euglena. If you were lucky, you might have witnessed them conjugate and divide!

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Diatom (Stephanopyxis sp.) from a South Atlantic Ocean deep sea probe. Scanning electron microscope. © Eye of Science / Science Source

Additionally, ocean water drops allow a peek at copepods, immature mollusks, krill, algae, crustaceans, and fish in their zooplankton stage. You may also behold the breathtaking beauty of diatoms, the most common type of phytoplankton in our oceans.

Switch to a higher powered Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to view Water Bears, pollen, blood cells, and insects. An SEM uses a particle beam of electrons to photograph the surface of a vacuum-sealed specimen.

Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) allow us to see cross-sections of specimens, such as the beautiful interior of the human body, marine life, and animal and plant cells. The TEM's particle beam passes through its vacuum-sealed specimen.

Photos of Types of Microscopes More Photos of Microscopes

Light Microscope

Scanning Electron Microscope

Atomic Force Microscope

Scanning Tunneling Microscope STM

Florescence Microscope

Phase Contrast Microscope

Confocal Scanning Microscope

Transmission Electron Microscope

Gallery of Microscope Types

Applications of medical microscopy

Bone marrow cell. This micrograph shows this cell with light (inset) and electron microscope. © Jose Luis Calvo/Science Source

We can view the cells of the human body with many different microscopes. The light mic, SEM, and TEM show scientists and medical researchers different angles and aspects of the cell and its fine structures and organelles.

Microscopes help scientists study cancer - breast, ovarian, prostate, liver, and skin cancer. We can better understand skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema. They assist in the fight against nervous, respiratory, and circulatory system diseases. And a cure for muscular conditions such as fibromyalgia and multiple sclerosis (MS), and autoimmune conditions.

The Future of Microscopy:

Microscopy methods continue to evolve, with innovations like Acoustic Microscopy, which utilizes sound waves akin to SONAR, promising exciting prospects for the future of scientific exploration.

Animal Mimicry and Camouflage in Nature

Is it a twig or an insect? A harmless moth or a scary owl? Animals have amazing tricks up their sleeves to protect themselves, take advantage of looking like another creature, or look like their environment.

Mimicry and Camouflage: Two Separate Survival Tactics

An example of mimicry is an animal appearing to be a different animal, usually a larger and stronger one, to scare off predators. The pattern on the wings of an Owl Moth (photo above) resembles the eyes and face of an owl.

Stock Images of Mimicry in Nature

A nonpoisonous Scarlet King Snake on the right, a poisonous Eastern Coral Snake on the left.

The King Snake, which is non-poisonous, has a scale pattern like that of the Coral Snake, a type of venomous snake. It tricks predators into thinking they have encountered its very dangerous relative.

Batesian Mimicry and Müllerian Mimicry

Batesian mimicry occurs when a harmless species evolves to imitate the appearance of a harmful or toxic species, gaining protection from predators. A classic example is the viceroy butterfly, which resembles the toxic monarch butterfly, thus deterring potential predators.

Müllerian mimicry involves two or more harmful or unpalatable species evolving to resemble each other. This shared appearance reinforces learned avoidance by predators, increasing the overall effectiveness of the warning signals. For instance, several species of stinging bees and wasps share similar coloration patterns, serving as a collective deterrent to predators.

Animal Camouflage or Cryptic Camouflage

Dead leaf katydid, Typophyllum sp., juvenile hidden on dead leaf, amazon.

Camouflage is the art of blending into the environment to avoid detection by predators or prey. Typical examples are moths, such as the peppered moth, which looks like tree bark, or walking stick insects that resemble twigs.

Cryptic camouflage is when animals mimic specific elements of their environment, such as texture, color, or pattern. This can be seen in species like the leaf-tailed gecko, which boasts skin textures resembling tree bark, allowing them to blend into their arboreal habitats seamlessly.

The Dead Leaf Katydid is a beautiful example of camouflage. It looks just like the dead leaves it lives on. They range in appearance from a fresh green life to a rotten, decayed leaf.

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Color Changing Skills

One of the most amazing examples is the octopus, which can change its color and skin texture to hide in various underwater environments within seconds.

Beneath their skin, octopi have cells called chromatophores. Each is a sac filled with either red, orange, brown, yellow, or black pigment. These can be inflated or deflated as needed.

Video of an Octopus Changing Color

Leaf Chameleon, Brookesia thieli, Madagascar showing color change camouflage to match the branch it is clinging to. © Francesco Tomasinelli / Science Source

Chameleons are well known for their ability to change their colors to match their environment.

Green or Carolina Anole, Anolis carolinensis, changing colors. © ER Degginger / Science Source

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Concealing Coloration

Arctic fox in the winter snow, Norway. An example of concealing coloration. © Dr P. Marazzi / Science Source

When an animal’s color matches its surroundings, it is concealing coloration. Examples of this include the polar bear, arctic fox, and a snowshoe hare.

Animals can look like rocks, thorns, twigs, flowers, and bird droppings.

Animal mimicry is found throughout the animal and even plant worlds.

Studying mimicry and camouflage provides valuable insights into evolutionary biology, predator-prey dynamics, and ecosystem interactions. The world of animal mimicry and camouflage is a testament to the ingenuity of evolution.